Sevier optics communications 140 1997 191194 1 august 1997 optics communications multiorder diffractive optical elements for achromatic interconnections at. Used as multispot beam splitters, in beam shaping, and beam profile modification, such elements offer endless possibilities in different application fields. Besides refractive and reflective components, planar diffractive optical elements are promising for free space optical interconnects. This field guide provides the operational principles and established terminology of diffractive optics as well as a comprehensive overview of the main types of. An example of this is the socalled harmonic diffractive elements, whereby the diffractive and refractive properties of the lens depends on the phase of bringing the. An introduction to the design and fabrication of diffractive optical elements is presented. Doe abbreviation stands for diffractive optical elements. Rigorous analysis and design of diffractive optical elements by jianhua jiang a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of. Similar to other optical elements with axial symmetry, the. Due to the application of diffractive optical elements the longitudinal chromatic aberration was 5 times reduced for the narrow field systems. Diffractive optical elements does have complex microstructural surfaces to manipulate or shape and split laser beams in an energyefficient manner to achieve the desired optical. Active optical interconnect based on liquidcrystal grating osa. Us8593733b2 diffractive optical elements and applications.
Diffractive optics are making their way into industry. Similar to other optical elements with axial symmetry, the diffractive axicon is sensitive to the centration of the doe relative to the optical axis, but it is not sensitive to input beam size and m2 of the laser. Diffractive optical elements doe holoeye photonics ag. A special design is proposed to achieve a diffractive optical elements does array with. Design of diffractive optical elements for optical interconnections. Diffractive optics provide valueadd to laser systems. Computergenerated diffractive optical elements for. The basic optical waveguide elements allow further the development of. Chiptochip and boardtoboard optical interconnections would enable fast and dense data communication in. In multiwavelength light beams the dual wavelengths are diffractive optical elements used to combine two incident beams with different wavelengths into the same focal point. What is the abbreviation for diffractive optical elements.
Diffractive optics does diffractive optical elements. By incorporating diffractive optical elements doe in the optical field of. Diffractive optical interconnect elements doies provide several advantages over conventional bulk elements such as spherical, cylindrical, and other conventional forms. The surface relief structure can include a first lobe and a second lobe separated by a waist region having a width less than the first lobe and the second lobe. Computer design of diffractive optics provides an authoritative guide to the principles and applications of computerdesigned diffractive optics. Sep 16, 2016 diffractive optical elements can be realized as ultrathin plates that offer significantly reduced footprint and weight compared to refractive elements. Sevier optics communications 140 1997 191194 1 august 1997 optics communications multiorder diffractive optical elements for achromatic interconnections at 1. Osa lithographic fabrication of large diffractive optical. Characteristics that are concentrated on are a high diffraction efficiency and a large signaltonoise ratio. Our holographic diffractive optical elements does, are available as standard designs for common beam shapes or can be customised to a particular application for optimum performance. You can implement a wide range of applications with minimal light loss examples of diffractive microoptics can be found in production facilities for laser material processing, in medical laser treatments and diagnostic instruments, in areas such as lighting, printing technologies and lithography.
This course includes a physical optics approach to understanding computergenerated diffractive optical elements and their differences with respect to refractive lens elements. Computer design of diffractive optics sciencedirect. Each output beam retains the same optical characteristics as the input beam, such as size, polarization and phase. Lohmann we discuss both numerically and analytically how. The superb possibilities inherent in microstructure technology come into their own here. We demonstrate experimentally the lithography technique to fabricate a large computergenerated diffractive optical element doe pattern on a concave lens surface with precise alignment by using a laser direct writer. Diffractive optical elements include diffraction gratings, surfacerelief diffractive lenses, holographic optical elements and computergenerated holograms. A fanout diffractive optical element having a discrete periodic surface relief structure having a 2dimensional x,y shape is described. Diffractive optics rpc photonics optical components. Osa diffractiveopticsbased beam combination of a phase.
Massively parallel processing using optical interconnections poses new challenges. Encoded diffractive optics for fullspectrum computational. Moreover, compared to refractive optical elements, does are typically much thinner and lighter, making them an attractive replacement in a number of. Optical interconnect an overview sciencedirect topics. Design and fabrication of diffractive optical elements. Diffractive optical elements are rapidly finding their way into many practical optical systems, and this has given rise to a spurt of research and developmental activities in this area. Optical architectures for fully connected and limitedfanout spacevariant weighted interconnections based on diffractive optical elements for fixedconnection. Analysis and design of diffractive and micro optical systems. It is important to keep in mind, however, that the benefits of a diffractive optical element doe are not free. Diffractive optical elements, does, were designed for applications with lasers and highpower lasers. This book discusses as well the planar optical microlens as an example of a refractive microlens of the gradientindex type and explains the diffractive optical elements. Micro and diffractive optical elements springerlink.
Modeling, design and fabrication of diffractive optical elements. Diffractive optical elements tailor optical fields via diffraction. As diffractive optical elements come in a variety of configurations, materials, feature sizes, specification tolerances etc. Elements include binary amplitude, binary phase and grayscale phase structures. Electronically switchable diffractive optical elements garry lester, adrian strudwick and stephen coulston llectronics ltd, 48 wilton way, exeter, ex1 3ur quantx oxford. Design of array of diffractive optical elements with interelement coherent fanouts. Diffractive optical elements for beam shaping diffractive. Although there are not long derivations or detailed methods for specific engineering calculations, the reader should be. The surface relief structure can include a first lobe and a.
Cmn offers the design, manufacturing optimized data preparation, the manufacturing and the. The areas of applications range from bio technology via printing, material processing, sensing, contactless testing to technical optics. Diffractive optics as beamshaping elements for plastics. Holoeye photonics ag designs, develops, and commercializes diffractive optical elements does specifically for the fields of technical optics and lasers. Scaling of diffractive and refractive lenses for optical. The refractive optical elements can also be used in areas such as communication, industrial image processing, for target systems as well as for marking and printing. This includes especially the modeling of elements with customized surface. Our holographic diffractive optical elements does, are available as standard designs for common beam shapes or can be customised to a particular application for optimum. A procedure to calculate a highly quantized, blazed phase structure is presented. You can implement a wide range of applications with minimal light loss examples of diffractive. With respect to doies for digital switching networks, the technology offers the ability to form fourdimensional, free space optical interconnects within attractive boundary.
This book provides the reader with the broad range of materials that were discussed in a series of short courses presented at georgia tech on the design, fabrication, and testing of diffractive optical elements does. Fabrication and application conference paper pdf available in proceedings of spie the international society for optical engineering 9283 april 2014 with. Rpc photonics designs and fabricates diffractive elements with both binary and analog phase profiles. This optical component has a microstructured surface that diffracts light into a tailored pattern. Photonics dictionary diffractive optics optical elements that use diffraction to control wavefronts.
Design of array of diffractive optical elements with inter. Q uite general computer programs have been realized for the design and the validation of such optical elements. Bert jan offrein, in handbook of fiber optic data communication fourth edition, 20. It is based on the rigorous coupled wave analysis rcwa technique that has been implemented using advanced algorithms including fast fourier factorization and.
Other chapters consider the fundamental principles of the devices and their operation either as logic devices or for optical interconnection applications. Milster graduated with a bs in electrical engineering at. Fabrication and application conference paper pdf available in proceedings of spie the international society for optical engineering 9283 april 2014 with 1,245. Scaling of diffractive and refractive lenses for optical computing and interconnections haldun m. Design techniques for diffractive optic in the two theoretical design areas, the scalar and resonance.
Diffractive elements can be singleorder or multiorder patterning resolution x area sbwp is a measure of absolute design freedom phase encoding techniques provide the effective design. Design of diffractive optical elements array with wide field of view for. Generalized design of diffractive optical elements using. Optical tweezer arrays and optical substrates created with. Mounted versions are well suitable for labbench proofofconcept experiments.
Diffractive optical elements doe flat lenses flat lenses may be customized to a wide range of customers optical and dimensional requirements. New optical components such as microlens arrays, holographic lenses, and diffractive elements are also used in various optoelectronic devices, so that optoelectronic devices and their components are smaller, in flat array and feasible integration. Routing holograms with predictable location and intensity of each diffraction order. The optical elements can achieve 3 to 5% uniformity and can generate round, square or other intensity distributions. The diffraction patterns of standard apertures such as single slit, double slit, circular aperture, and square slit are well known. They can do things that refractive optics cannot, and they are often lighter and smaller than an equivalent refractive optic. Diffractmod is a design and simulation tool for diffractive optical structures such as diffractive optical elements, subwavelength periodic structures, and photonic bandgap crystals. Pdf diffractive optical elements are rapidly finding their way into many practical. Electronically switchable diffractive optical elements. Griera the james franck institute and department of physics, the university of. Holoeyes diffractive optical elements does offtheshelf does.
The design, microfabrication and testing of diffractive optical elements does with continuous relief used for fiber coupling are discussed in detail. Diffractive optical elements fraunhofer heinrich hertz. Diffractive optical interconnect element design for. Optical tweezer arrays and optical substrates created with diffractive optics eric r. Instrument developers can choose from a broad range of diffractive optics elements to complement refractive and reflective components in achieving a desired control of the optical field. A 140mbs data stream generated by the slave vcsel is redirected by an anisotropic diffractive optical element depending on the polarization state of the.
Diffractive optical elements based on fourier optical techniques. Full spectrum computational imaging with diffractive optics yifan peng 2. Does with diameters as small as 50 mm are fabricated by means of focused ion beam fib technology. Diffractive optical elements does shape and split laser beams in an energyefficient manner.
Optical clock distribution in electronic systems springer link. Diffractive optical interconnect element design for digital. The development of this technology will encourage the conversion of bulky refractive optical systems into highly compact, lightweight diffractive optical systems. Osa diffractive optical elements with continuous relief. It will show the analysis of diffractive optical elements, diffractive lenses, hybrid lenses and lens arrays including diffraction and interference effects. Lohmann we discuss both numerically and analytically how the spacebandwidth product and the information density of lenses scale as functions of their diameter and fnumber over many orders of magnitude. This section will survey highbandwidth, shortreach optical interconnect. Data transparent reconfigurable optical interconnections using. The phase grating imparts the same phase delay as a refractive lens, but.
In fact, the best focus location per diffraction direction can be matched to almost arbitrary surfaces. The content of this chapter is focused on holographic optical elements hoes, which are diffractive elements fabricated by recording the interference pattern of an object and a reference wave in a photosensitive emulsion. Generalized design of diffractiv e optical elements using neural networks a. Used as multispot beam splitters, in beam shaping, and. Diffractive optics arent magic, they are simply another tool that can be used in designing an optical system.
Optical elements are not only limited in refractive lenses, prisms, and mirrors. Building on the optimalrotationangle method, an algorithm for. Dual wavelength beam combiners are diffractive optical elements used to combine two incident beams with different wavelengths into the same focal point. Diffractive optics as beamshaping elements for plastics laser welding david grewell iowa state university 100 davidson hall ames, iowa 50011 email. Because of the wavelike nature of light, the finest microstructures. Digital diffractive optics an introduction to planar diffractive optics and. Typical applications for a diffractive axicon include laser corneal surgery, atomic traps, and bessellike beam generation. The optical systems were designed by using special optical design software. Turunen, synthetic diffractive elements for optical interconnection, opt. We obtained photoresist film with uniform thickness on the large concave substrate by selecting proper spincoating parameters, which mainly involve spin rate, spin acceleration. Cmn offers the design, manufacturing optimized data preparation, the manufacturing and the characterization of diffractive optical elements for euv to fir applications inclusively processing and assembly in whole systems. The diffractive achromat is a computationally optimized diffractive lens for full visible spectrum imaging, which is used jointly. This course is a handson fabrication and testing course in which students will learn characteristics of fabricating and testing different types of computergenerated diffractive optical elements.
It is our belief that fabrication of diffractive optics needs to be further developed and simplified so that more diffractive elements replace refractive elements in the future. The theoretical aspects underpinning diffractive optics are initially explored, including the main equations in diffraction theory and diffractive optical transformations. Advanced diffractive optical elements sergiy valyukh laboratory of applied optics, department of physics, chemistry and biology ifm linkoping university, se58183, linkoping. Study of the chromatic properties of harmonic diffractive lens. We have the flexibility to produce elements in small numbers at affordable prices, even oneoff items. The areas of applications range from bio technology via printing, material processing, sensing, contactless testing to technical optics and optical metrology. Design, fabrication, and test spie tutorial texts in optical engineering vol.
Please note this list is tentative and may change at any time. Diffractive elements are thin phase elements that operate by means of interference and diffraction to produce arbitrary distributions of light or to aid in the design of optical systems. Diffractmod rcwa software rsoft photonic device tools. For optical interconnection the replication of polymeric waveguides opens a new field of. Use of a doe eliminates the farfield sidelobes and the accompanying loss of. Spacevariant interconnections based on diffractive. Diffractive optical elements and their potential role in. Multiorder diffractive optical elements for achromatic. The diffractive achromatull spectrum computational imaging. Pdf interconnections download full pdf book download. Several doe can combine the properties of both diffractive and refractive lenses. The diffractive beam splitter also known as multispot beam generator or array beam generator is a single optical element that divides an input beam into n output beams. Design techniques for diffractive optic in the two theoretical design areas, the scalar and resonance domains, and the dominant methods of fabrications are described.
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